Throw a closed doughnut form

A doughnut (torus) form is a closed shape thrown on the wheel. It's unusual, challenging, and very satisfying when it works.

Strategy

1. Throw a wide, flat cylinder (short and wide, like a ring)
2. Collar the top inward gradually
3. Continue collaring until the top is nearly (or completely) closed
4. Keep walls even throughout the closure

The air problem

As you close the form, air gets trapped inside. This can be useful (the internal pressure helps maintain shape) or dangerous (trapped air expands in the kiln).

Solution: If fully closing, poke a tiny needle hole for air escape before the final seal.

Success criteria

• The form looks like a torus/doughnut when viewed from the side
• Walls are even (not thick at the collar point)
• No wrinkles from the collaring
• Stable enough to set on a shelf without rolling